Alfama

Alfama is the ancient heart and soul of Lisbon, a labyrinthine medieval quarter that cascades down the steep hillside from Castelo de Sao Jorge to the Tagus River waterfront. As Lisbon's oldest neighborhood, Alfama largely escaped the devastating 1755 earthquake that destroyed much of the city, preserving its authentic Moorish-influenced layout of narrow winding alleys, steep staircases, and tiny squares. The district's name derives from the Arabic 'al-hamma' (fountains or baths), a reminder of its eight centuries under Moorish rule before the Christian reconquest of 1147. Walking through Alfama is like stepping back in time - laundry hangs from wrought-iron balconies, residents chat from their windows, the iconic yellow Tram 28 rattles through impossibly narrow streets, and the haunting sound of Fado music drifts from traditional restaurants. The neighborhood is dotted with historic landmarks including the imposing Lisbon Cathedral (Se), the National Pantheon, the Church of Santo Antonio (birthplace of Lisbon's patron saint), and numerous miradouros (viewpoints) offering breathtaking panoramas. Alfama is the birthplace of Fado, Portugal's melancholic musical tradition, and visitors can experience authentic performances in intimate restaurants and taverns. The district comes alive during the Festas de Santo Antonio in June, when streets are decorated with colorful paper decorations and residents celebrate with music, sardine grills, and wine. Despite increasing tourism, Alfama remains a living, working-class neighborhood where traditional life continues much as it has for centuries.