Castelo de Sao Jorge (St. George's Castle)

Castelo de Sao Jorge dominates Lisbon's skyline from atop the city's highest hill in the historic Alfama district. Originally built by the Moors in the mid-11th century, this imposing fortress became the residence of Portuguese kings after Christian conquest in 1147 and remained the royal palace until the 16th century. The castle complex encompasses 11 towers connected by massive walls, offering visitors the chance to walk the battlements and enjoy breathtaking panoramic views over Lisbon's terracotta rooftops, the Tagus River estuary, and the 25 de Abril Bridge. Within the fortified citadel, visitors can explore the Museum Centre showcasing artifacts from Phoenician, Roman, Moorish, and Medieval periods discovered during archaeological excavations. The Camera Obscura provides a unique 360-degree real-time view of the city below, while the archaeological site reveals layers of Lisbon's 2,500-year history. The castle gardens are home to a flock of peacocks and other birds, adding to the magical atmosphere. Though damaged by the 1755 earthquake and later used as barracks and prison, extensive 20th-century restoration returned the castle to its medieval glory. Today it stands as Lisbon's most visited monument and a powerful symbol of Portuguese resilience and history.